Exploring efficiency of biochar in enhancing water retention in soils with varying grain size distributions using ANN technique

Recently, incentives have been provided in many countries, including Canada and Denmark, to produce biochar for construction usage. This is done because carbon negative can help achieve the emission reduction goal of 2030. technical note aims analyse efficiency soils with varying grain size distributions enhancing soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC). The combinations content corresponding maximum minimum efficiencies were explored. Artificial neural network-based model predicting SWCC as a function soil suction distribution was developed. A new factor (the ratio fine (silt + clay) coarse (sand) content) proposed interpretation soils. newly developed able predict reasonably well. Biochar amendment found influence both dry wet sides clay lower than threshold (6–8%). Beyond content, appears reduce. However, case high sand (90%), normalized water value on drier side generally higher compared content. Based sensitivity analysis, it that most influential, while least influential.